Overview of the application of various vacuum process technologies under different vacuum states
Coarse vacuum(105 ~103Pa760~10Torr)Application Overview：
1. Vacuum suction and transport of solids, liquids, colloids, and particles;
2. Vacuum suction cup lifting and vacuum medical equipment;
3. Vacuum forming, replicating reliefs;
4. Vacuum filtration;
5. Vacuum impregnation.
Low vacuum(103~10-1Pa10~10-3Torr)Application Overview：
1. Vacuum melting, degassing, casting, and heat treatment of ferrous metals
2. Vacuum hot rolling and vacuum surface chroming;
3. Vacuum insulation and vacuum thermal insulation;
4. Vacuum distillation of drugs, oils, and polymer compounds;
5. Vacuum freezing and vacuum drying;
6. Vacuum packaging and vacuum inflation packaging;
7. Low pressure wind tunnel in high-speed aerodynamic experiments
high vacuum(10-1~10-6Pa10-3~10-8Torr)Application Overview：
1. Vacuum melting and refining of rare metals, ultra pure metals and alloys, and semiconductor materials; Vacuum reduction metallurgy of commonly used structural materials;
2. Vacuum distillation refining of pure metals; Radioactive isotope evaporation;
3. Vacuum sintering of refractory metals;
4. Vacuum purification and crystal preparation of semiconductor materials;
5. Manufacturing of high-temperature metallographic microscopes and high-temperature material experimental equipment;
6. Surface modification such as vacuum coating, ion implantation, and membrane etching;
7. Manufacturing of electro-optic tubes, ion tubes, electron source tubes, electron beam tubes, electron diffractometers, electron microscopes, X-ray microscopes, various particle accelerators, energy spectrometers, nuclear radiation spectrometers, neutron tubes, and gas lasers in the electric vacuum industry;
8. Electron beam degassing, electron beam welding, zone melting, electron beam addition
Ultra-high vacuum(10-1~10-6Pa10-1~10-8Torr)Application Overview：
1. Research on controllable thermonuclear fusion;
2. Production of time reference hydrogen molecular mirror;
3 . Research on surface physics and surface chemistry;
4. Simulation of the space environment in the universe;
5. Operation of large synchronous proton accelerators;
6. Manufacturing of electromagnetic suspension high-precision gyroscope.
